ABSTRACT
Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) han adquirido relevancia en la pediatría chilena. Su tratamiento debe ser realizado, de preferencia, por equipos multidisciplinarios especializados o con alto grado de capacitación en la problemática. Sin embargo, los pediatras generales tienen un rol fundamental tanto en la prevención como en la pesquisa temprana de estas patologías. El objetivo de esta publicación es proporcionarles recomendaciones prácticas sobre las intervenciones que pueden llevar a cabo durante la atención de adolescentes, para la prevención de los TCA, la pesquisa precoz y evaluación de quienes ya los presentan, y su derivación oportuna a tratamiento especializado.
Eating disorders (ED) have become relevant in Chilean pediatrics. Their treatment must be prefe rably carried out by multidisciplinary teams with specialty or a high degree of training in the pro blem. However, general pediatricians have a fundamental role both in the prevention and in the early detection of these pathologies. The purpose of this publication is to provide them with practical recommendations on interventions that can be carried out during adolescent care for the prevention of ED, the early detection and evaluation of those who already have them, and their timely referral to specialized treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Pediatrics/methods , Pediatrics/standards , Physician's Role/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/therapy , Pediatricians/standards , Pediatricians/psychology , Patient Care Team , Physical Examination/methods , Physical Examination/standards , Physician-Patient Relations , Primary Prevention/methods , Primary Prevention/standards , Referral and Consultation , Chile , Risk Factors , Early Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Medical History Taking/methods , Medical History Taking/standardsSubject(s)
Humans , Primary Prevention/standards , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Patient-Centered Care/standards , Decision Making , Socioeconomic Factors , Body Mass Index , Aspirin/standards , Risk Assessment/standards , Tobacco Use Cessation , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , Sedentary Behavior , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Hypercholesterolemia/complications , Hypertension/complications , Motor Activity , Obesity/prevention & controlABSTRACT
O ICD Register da Medtronic foi introduzido na América Latina com a finalidade de coletar dados relacionados à indicação de implantes de CDI para prevenção primária e secundária de morte súbita e ao acompanhamento de pacientes originários de Porto Rico, Caribe. México e América do Sul. Além dessa ampla variedade geográfica, também foram incluídos detalhes referentes aos cuidados de saúde recebidos como parte do tratamento. O presente estudo apresenta as características de desfecho de 910 portadores de cardiopatias tratados para prevenção primária, em comparação com aqueles nos quais o implante destinou-se à prevenção secundária.
The ICD Register was introduced to Latin America to collect data related to implant indication of ICD for the prevention of primary and secondary deaths and for the follow-up of patients from Puerto Rico, the Caribbean, Mexico and South America. In addition to this vast geographic variety, information related to the health care as part of the treatment has also been included. This study shows the characteristics of the outcome of 910 cardiopathy patients treated for primary prevention, incomparison to those whose implants were meant for secondary prevention.
El ICD Register de Medtronic fue introducido en América Latina a fin de recoger datos relacionados a la indicación de implantes de CDI para la prevención primaria y secundaria de muerte súbita y a la remisión de pacientes provenientes de Puerto Rico, Caribe, México y Sudamérica. Ademásde esa amplia variedad geográfica, también se incluyeron detalles referentes a los cuidados de saludrecibidos como parte del tratamiento. El presente estudio presenta las características de solución de 910 portadores de cardiopatías tratados para la prevención primaria, en comparación con aquellos cuyo implante se destinó a la prevención secundaria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Aged , Heart Diseases/therapy , Death, Sudden , Defibrillators, Implantable/standards , Multicenter Studies as Topic/classification , Primary Prevention/standards , Secondary Prevention/standardsSubject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Atherosclerosis/prevention & control , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Primary Prevention/standards , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards , Atherosclerosis/diagnosis , Brazil , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Primary Prevention/methods , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Assessment/standards , Young AdultABSTRACT
Foram revisados os principais artigos que discutem conceitualmente ou empiricamente as listas de causas de morte evitáveis (CME) por ações efetivas dos serviços de saúde, publicados entre 1975 e 2004. O objetivo foi rever o conceito, a idade limite a ser considerada, os usos e tipos de análises e as classificações propostas para as CME. Além disso, foram revisadas as listas existentes de CME, com especial destaque à mortalidade infantil e perinatal. Identificou-se extensa publicação internacional, em contraste com escasso número de artigos nacionais. As CME podem ser definidas como aquelas que são totalmente ou parcialmente prevenidas pela efetiva ação dos serviços de saúde disponível (ou acessível) em um determinado local e momento histórico. Dessa forma, essas causas devem ser revisadas à luz da evolução do conhecimento e da tecnologia disponível para a prática da atenção à saúde. São discutidos os processos que poderiam apoiar o desenvolvimento de listas adequadas para o Brasil, incluindo definição das CME, validação e detalhamento de quesitos necessários para o aprofundamento do debate. Conclui-se que, apesar das dificuldades metodológicas, existe a necessidade de se iniciar processos para a definição das listas brasileiras de CME pela ação do Sistema Unico de Saúde brasileiro.
Theoretical and empirical articles analyzing the Causes of Avoidable Mortality (CAM) due to healthcare published between 1975 and 2004 were reviewed. The purpose was to review the concepts and age limits for these analyses, as well as the uses and types of indicators and ratings for the CAM. Additionally, CAM listings for infant and perinatal mortality were reviewed. Many international articles were found, contrasting with a very small number of Brazilian articles. CAM may be conceptualized as being totally or partially preventable by the effective healthcare measures available (or accessible) at a given time and place. Consequently, these CAM lists must be reviewed, based on the knowledge and improvements in healthcare technology. Further developments should be deployed in support of adequate Brazilian listings, including the definition of CAM, with validation and details regarding the underlying assumptions in order to encourage discussions in greater depth. In conclusion, and despite some methodological difficulties, a process should be launched to define the Brazilian CAM listings through the actions of Brazil's National Health System.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child , Infant Mortality/trends , Perinatal Mortality , Primary Prevention/standards , Cause of Death/trendsABSTRACT
En nuestro medio no existen planes de prevención en salud oral destinados a los bebés y tampoco el odontólogo controla al niño durante su primer año que es cuando se detectan las alteraciones fisiológicas o patológicas, y es cuando se puede encarar mejor los problemas sobre todo con un componente preventivo.
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Health Education, Dental/standards , Preventive Dentistry/education , Oral Health/standards , Oral Hygiene/standards , Primary Prevention/standardsABSTRACT
The active check-over for disease among apparently healthy people is a fundamental aspect of prevention. This is perceivable by screening, which is a search of unrecognized disease or condition by means of rapidly applied test, examination or other procedures in apparently healthy individuals. This is carried out in the hope that earlier diagnosis and subsequent management favorably alters the natural history of the disease in a significant proportion of those who are identified as 'test-positive'. Family Practitioners have privilege to provide comprehensive and holistic health care services including preventive, curative and rehabilitative on continuous and long-term basis to all members of family irrespective of their age, sex and nature of disease and condition. Screening of disease being an important preventive strategy should be offered by Family Practitioners to their clients when ever recommended and appropriate. However, before screening is initiated, a decision must be made whether it is worthwhile, which requires scientific, financial and ethical justification. This review summarizes the basic concepts and criteria regarding the screening for diseases
Subject(s)
Humans , Mass Screening/methods , Primary Prevention/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Decision Making , DiseaseABSTRACT
El artículo es una revisión de la autora, para mostrar a las mujeres la importancia de la actividad física introyectada en el diario vivir y más enfocada hacia el cambio comportamental al que se debe llegar, para tener, a través de ella, una actitud preventiva en contra o a favor de la salud. Parte de unos interrogantes que aún las mujeres se hacen, para tomar determinaciones de sus actitudes frente a la actividad física. Muestra resultados de estudios practicados en otros países del mundo, pero también reporta datos de investigaciones realizadas en el contexto. Además, incluye los beneficios físicos, psicológicos y emocionales que la actividad física puede aportar a todas las personas. El objetivo es mostrar, al género femenino, indicadores sólidos y comportamientos preventivos, que orienten a favor de la actividad física, con planteamientos acerca de las diferentes posibilidades para realizar la actividad física y sobre su importancia.
Subject(s)
Primary Prevention/education , Primary Prevention/methods , Primary Prevention/standards , Professional Practice/trends , Women's Health , Exercise Therapy/education , Exercise Therapy/methods , Exercise Therapy/trendsABSTRACT
O objetivo principal deste trabalho és estabelecer uma visão multidisciplinar sobre a escabiose, que é um problema endêmico no Brasil, analisando sob os aspectos sociais, e com orientações na linha preventiva com fluxograma e protocolo de conduta.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Public Health Practice/standards , Primary Prevention/education , Primary Prevention/standards , Scabies , Health Education/standards , Child, Preschool/education , Health Promotion/standards , Health PromotionABSTRACT
En este capítulo se presenta las estrategias para prevenir el cáncer cervical, tomando los siguientes puntos: primero la detección temprana del cáncer del cérvix, la educación contínua, toma de muestras de papanicolau, luego la prevención de cáncer de cérvix por niveles de atención, la promoción de la salud y capacitación de líderes comunitarios
Subject(s)
Sex Education/trends , Primary Prevention/standards , Health Strategies , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Bolivia , Diagnosis , Health Care Levels , Neoplasms , Health Promotion , Quality ControlSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Health Care Levels , Pregnancy , Primary Prevention/standards , Secondary Care , Tertiary HealthcareSubject(s)
Cross Infection/complications , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Infection Control , Primary Prevention/instrumentation , Primary Prevention/legislation & jurisprudence , Primary Prevention/methods , Primary Prevention/standards , Primary Prevention , Primary Prevention/trendsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en la Argentina, afecta en forma similar a mujeres y hombres y determina más de 5000 muertes anuales. La mayoría de los pacientes (65 por ciento) se presentan con enfermedad avanzada y la sobrevida a 5 años es del 60 por ciento. Cuando las lesiones son localizadas la tasa de sobrevida alcanza el 80-90 por ciento. Los estudios para screening actualmente disponibles son efectivos y precisos para la detección del CCR temprano y de su precursor premaligno el pólipo adenomatoso. Alrededor del 75 por ciento de los casos de cáncer colorrectal se presentan en personas sin factores de riesgo agregados y los restantes en la población con riesgo superior al promedio. Este último grupo incluye personas con: historia familiar de cáncer colorrectal o pólipos adenomatosos, poliposis adenomatosa familiar o cáncer hereditario familiar no asociado a poliposis, historia personal de CCR o pólipos y aquellas con colitis ulcerosa crónica o enfermedad de Crohn de larga evolución. La detección temprana del CCR y la resección de los adenomas mediante los métodos de screening tanto en la población de riesgo promedio como elevado son las más importantes estrategias para disminuir la incidencia y la mortalidad. Todas las estrategias de screening del cáncer colorrectal han demostrado ser costo-efectivas. Basados en los datos científicos disponibles y en la esperiencia clínica en los Estados Unidos y Europa proponemos una guía de recomendaciones para el screening y vigilancia en el CCR en nuestro país tanto en la población con riesgo promedio como en aquella con riesgo elevado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control , Adenomatous Polyps/surgery , Primary Prevention/standards , Survivors/statistics & numerical data , Argentina/epidemiology , Cost Efficiency Analysis , Follow-Up Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Nos dias atuais, problemas posturais têm sido considerados um sério problema de saúde pública, pois atingem uma alta incidência na populaçäo economicamente ativa, incapacitando-a temporária ou definitivamente para atividades profissionais. Considerando as alteraçöes posturais na infância como um dos fatores que predispöem a condiçöes degenerativas da coluna no adulto, manifestada geralmente por um quadro álgico, torna-se necessário estabelecer mecanismos de intervençäo como meio profilático. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer a fundamentaçäo teórica sobre os principais fatores que interferem na postura corporal da criança e do adolescente, e fornecer orientaçöes sobre educaçäo postural. Procurou-se com base na literatura existente realizar uma reflexäo sobre as bases biológicas, ergonômicas e pedagógicas para a elaboraçäo de programas de prevençäo de problemas posturais
Subject(s)
Humans , Posture , Ergonomics , Primary Prevention/education , Primary Prevention/standardsABSTRACT
Breast cancer is the commonest form of cancer in women in Western countries and second most common in women of developing countries like India. In the absence of an exact aetiological agent for breast cancer, the most appropriate way of controlling it is by early detection and treatment. Of the various methods of screening for breast cancer, mammography is the method of choice but its use is limited due to high cost and unavailability. Considering this, breast self examination (BSE) is an ideal method which can be done by every woman at her leisure time with little training. Medical and paramedical professionals can act as trend setters in promoting BSE for control of breast cancer in the community.